Earth Month is in Full Swing!

Earth Day is April 22nd, and this month will bring a host of environmentally focused activities around the world!

In honor of Earth Day, the Environmental Protection Agency is encouraging people to “Pick 5” for the environment, which entails pledging 5 environmentally focused actions. For example, you might pledge to “help keep water clean by using biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning products” or “learn about composting, try it out! ” Check out their interactive map to see what people have pledged so far!

Sowing the Seeds of Healthy Eating in DC

First Lady Michelle Obama continued the tradition of planting the White House Garden this week. She had help from school children from around the nation. All of the schools that joined the First Lady have made significant improvements to their school lunch programs under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act. The garden will feed the First Family, White House Guests, and local charities.

Aging Pipeline System May be to Blame for Spill in Arkansas

Updates on the ExxonMobil Oil Spill in Arkansas continue and while the exact cause is still unknown, the spill is calling attention to potential risks of aging pipeline systems. The Pegasus pipeline, where this spill occurred near Little Rock, is 65 years old.

The Andes create a rain-shadow effect as moist air rises on one side of the mountains (orographic precipitation) leaving no moisture when the air passes over. (Chile and Argentina as seen from Space December 24, 2001 courtesy of NASA Goddard Photo and Video via Flickr. Photo Credit Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC)

Watering the Desert in Peru

In a massive engineering project, plans are in place to divert water from the Huancabamba river on the water-rich side of the Andes in Peru to the drier Olmos Valley over the next several years in order to expand opportunities for irrigated agriculture. The coastal side of the Andes currently lies in the “rain shadow” of the mountain, receiving less than 2% of the country’s fresh water.

Shy Cherry Blossoms in DC This Year

Peak bloom time for Washington, DC’s cherry blossoms is now estimated to occur from April 6th – 8th. This is the second time the date has been pushed back. According to the National Park Service, recent colder temperatures in Washington, DC will delay the peak bloom, but 70% of the blossoms should be in bloom during the new peak estimate.

]]> https://pancho.eps.jhu.edu/jhensdev/?feed=rss2&p=548 1 https://pancho.eps.jhu.edu/jhensdev/?p=466 https://pancho.eps.jhu.edu/jhensdev/?p=466#comments Sun, 31 Mar 2013 18:59:09 +0000 Suzanne Kashnow http://jhens.jhu.edu/?p=466  

The Exxon Mobil Pegasus pipeline ruptured on Friday, leaking an estimated 4500 barrels (189,000 gallons) of oil into a subdivision in Mayflower, Arkansas – less than 30 minutes from Little Rock. There are conflicting reports on the source and type of oil that was spilled, with some environmentalists claiming this to be a Canadian tar sands pipeline and Exxon simply stating that the pipeline originates in Illinois.

If it turns out the Pegasus pipeline is in fact transporting tar sands oil, this spill could bring more attention to the environmental risks that tens of thousands of protesters rallied over in February, calling for Obama to stop the Keystone XL Pipeline project. Keystone XL would extend an existing pipeline (which currently runs from Alberta, Canada to Oklahoma) in two directions: from Alberta to Kansas, and from its endpoint in Oklahoma all the way to the Gulf Coast of Texas, totaling an additional 1700 miles of pipe.

Creative Commons image “Exxon” courtesy of Minale Tattersfield Roadside Retail via Flickr

Regardless of the source or type of oil flowing through the streets and stormdrains of Mayflower, people have been evacuated from their homes – and Lake Conway, which borders a state wildlife management area, is at risk for contamination – until the mess is cleaned up. More details will surely become available on the Arkansas spill as the cleanup progresses, but as of Saturday night local news stations and blogs were the best source of information; only brief updates from AP and Reuters could be found on any major news networks.  Today NPR and CBS have picked it up as well.

The EPA uses 0.1 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day as the accepted exposure level for oral consumption without recognized adverse effects.  Inhaling mercury vapor in significant amounts (greater than 0.025 mg/m3) can cause deficits in cognitive functioning, tremors, kidney damage and even death in cases of high exposure. If mercury is so toxic, why is it in a common household item?

When mercury vapor  is stimulated by electrical current, it produces ultra-violet light. When this UV light bounces off the phosphor compound painted on the inside of a CFL, it converts to visible light and the bulb glows. Mercury is the most efficient element known – no other alternative can achieve comparable energy efficiency, making it an essential component of CFLs.

image courtesy of http://www.climatechange.gov.au/what-you-need-to-know/lighting/resources/fs.aspx

The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 set energy-efficiency standards for light bulbs that will come fully into effect by 2014. The law will require light bulbs to use 25-30 percent less power than incandescent bulbs use today – which means incandescent bulbs will be effectively phased out because they cannot meet these standards.

Currently over 670 million mercury-containing bulbs are discarded each year nationwide.  Where do they all go? The EPA strongly encourages the recycling of all fluorescent light bulbs, but only requires it for certain commercial and industrial waste, relying on states to enforce residential recycling. The easiest recycling centers for residential and consumer access are typically home improvement/hardware stores such as Home Depot and Lowes (check out Earth911.com for recycling locations near you). Unfortunately, many people are not aware of the importance of recycling CFLs, and instead just toss them in the trash.

Virtually all components of a fluorescent bulb can be recycled – including the mercury. By recycling, you’ll ensure that 99.98 percent of the mercury used in the lamp is recovered. But even in a state such as Maine, with progressive laws that prohibit mercury disposal in landfills, the estimated recycling rate is still very low. A 2009 study found that 79 percent of those surveyed didn’t know that recycling was a requirement. Of those who did know, 17 percent still disposed of CFLs in the trash.

As CFL use becomes more widespread due to federal regulations, it’s important that the general public is educated on the dangers of bulb breakage, safe cleanup, and proper disposal for spent bulbs. About 11 percent of the mercury vapor inside CFLs is released if the bulb is broken. If sent to a landfill, mercury leaches into the soil and groundwater, or is incinerated into the air.  If broken inside your home, mercury can contaminate your carpet and vaporize into the air. The EPA has detailed instructions for what to do – and what not to do – in case of a ‘mercury spill’ (i.e. CFL breakage) inside your home.  But unless the bulb breaks in a tiny closet, with you inside, and the door shut – the vapor should dissipate enough over time that inhalation isn’t a serious threat. Opening windows and vacating the room and/or building is the best way to ensure you aren’t breathing in significant concentrations of vapors.

While the amount of mercury in one CFL may be negligible compared to other sources of mercury we encounter, we must still consider the impact on the environment. Some argue that even in the worst-case scenario, the mercury added to the environment if every CFL bulb was incinerated would add only 0.12 percent to annual manmade mercury emissions in the U.S.  But considering the fact that current emissions are already significantly high enough to cause a public health risk via the food chain (think mercury-laden fish) then perhaps even a 0.12 percent reduction is worth the effort to educate the public and divert CFLs from the landfill.

How mercury enters the environment…where is the landfill in this equation?

Some potential solutions to CFLs-in-landfills are tougher regulations at the state or federal level to require recycling, better product labeling, and manufacturing standards that limit the amount of mercury used, as is already done in the U.K. Do you recycle your CFLs? Why or why not?

Despite the blessings of FDA and WHO that food containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is safe, consumer are exercising their “right to know” and have made great strides in the fight to see labeling on grocery store shelves.Whole Foods Market stores in the U.S. and Canada will now follow suit with their European locations, requiring labels on all genetically modified food products by 2018. Ben & Jerry’s has already made a commitment to be GMO-free by 2014, and many states are proposing mandatory labels for genetically engineered food.

Is improved weather modeling in the forecast for the U.S.?

The nation’s capital and surrounding metropolitan areas effectively shut down on Wednesday, March 6 in anticipation of a severe snowstorm that left mostly slush. A professor of atmospheric science at the University of Washington in Seattle explains why the European forecasting system is more accurate than U.S. models, and weather forecasters admit that they could do a better job in communicating uncertainty along with their predictions.

Hot Mess: Spikes in temperature and CO2 pollution

Lots of climate change-related news this week, with evidence that carbon pollution is rising faster than predicted and new research showing that the abrupt U-turn in global temperatures over the past 100 years from cooling to sharply warming trends reflects an unprecedented shift over such a brief period of time.

Leftovers anyone? Remnants of the Manhattan Project looking for new home 

Amid concerns that leaking tanks of radioactive waste at the former Manhattan Project Hanford site in Washington state could potentially threaten groundwater supplies to the 4th largest river in the United States, lawmakers are  proposing to ship 3 million gallons of the toxic sludge to a repository in New Mexico. Not surprisingly,  environmental groups  are against accepting waste from Hanford at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) located in Loving, NM. In the meantime, cleanup efforts in Washington may be slowed by budget cuts.

Process tubes on the front face of the nuclear reactor in Hanford, WA. Creative Commons Image “Manhattan Project Hanford B Reactor Tour” courtesy of Redbeard Math Pirate on Flickr.

Climate-induced change in guidelines for energy efficiency

The EPA and U.S. Green Building Council announced this week that Puerto Rico would get its own set of guidelines, based on the tropical climate, for home energy efficiency. Plans for infrastructure improvements in the U.S. already take climate change into consideration, to ensure that they are capable of withstanding severe storms and high heat. Will mounting evidence of climate change result in changes to the USBGC’s code throughout the United States?